The communication between the control center (Master Terminal Unit, MTU) and all remote stations (Remote Terminal Units, RTUs) in the dataset is based on the 60870-5-104 (IEC 104) protocol. Over this protocol, the MTU can send commands (set points) to the RTUs to influence their behavior. Similarly, the RTUs send periodic and spontaneous measurements to inform the MTU on the current grid state.
This exchange of commands and measurements used data points, each representing a specific value for a specific grid element (e.g., a generator). In the IEC 104 protocol, each data point is a so-called information object, identified by the unique common address (COA) of the responsible station and the station-specific information object address (IOA) of the information object. Hence, on the communication level, each data point is conceptually addressable as $COA.$IOA. Following the Wattson notation, we call this unique address the data point identifier.
To allow the grid operator to interpret the measurements associated with these data point identifiers, a mapping between data points and attributes of grid elements (so-called grid values) is necessary. Grid values are identified by their respective grid value identifier, which includes the grid element identifier (combining the element’s type and ID, e.g., bus.0), the context (mainly CONFIGURATION for set points and MEASUREMENT measurements), and the attribute’s name (e.g., voltage). Hence, the grid value with identifier bus.0.MEASUREMENT.voltage represents the voltage measurement at bus 0. In the 01-Basic scenario, this is provided by RTU 101 at information object address 10010, i.e., the respective data point has the data point identifier 101.10010. All data point identifiers are specific to their respective scenario! The respective mapping is included for all dataset scenarios and topologies and directly applied to all IPAL transcripts for ease of use.
The following table summarizes common grid values that are included in the dataset transcriptions.
| Grid Value | Type | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| bus.*:voltage | Measurement | PerUnit [pu] | The current voltage as fraction of the nominal voltage |
| bus.*:voltage_angle | Measurement | Degree [°] | The voltage angle at this element |
| bus.*:active_power | Measurement | Watt [W] | Active power measurement |
| bus.*:reactive_power | Measurement | Var [Var] | Reactive power measurement |
| external_grid.*:active_power | Measurement | Watt [W] | Active power measurement |
| external_grid.*:reactive_power | Measurement | Var [Var] | Reactive power measurement |
| line.*:active_power_from | Measurement | Watt [W] | Active power measurement at first side of the line |
| line.*:reactive_power_from | Measurement | Var [Var] | Reactive power measurement at first side of the line |
| line.*:current_from | Measurement | Ampere [A] | The current at the first side of the line |
| line.*:voltage_from | Measurement | PerUnit [pu] | The fractional voltage at the first side of the line |
| switch.*:closed | Set Point | – | Controls the switch’s connection state |
| switch.*:is_closed | Measurement | – | Whether the switch is currently closed (connected) |
| load.*:connected | Set Point | – | Controls the element’s connection to the associated bus |
| load.*:is_connected | Measurement | – | Whether the element is currently connected to the bus |
| load.*:active_power | Measurement | Watt [W] | Active power measurement |
| load.*:reactive_power | Measurement | Var [Var] | Reactive power measurement |
| trafo.*:tap_position | Set Point | – | The position of the transformer tap |
| trafo.*:tap_position | Measurement | – | The position of the transformer tap |
| trafo.*:active_power_hv | Measurement | Watt [W] | Active power measurement at high(er) voltage side of the transformer |
| trafo.*:reactive_power_hv | Measurement | Var [Var] | Reactive power measurement at high(er) voltage side of the transformer |
| trafo.*:active_power_lv | Measurement | Watt [W] | Active power measurement at low(er) voltage side of the transformer |
| trafo.*:reactive_power_lv | Measurement | Var [Var] | Reactive power measurement at low(er) voltage side of the transformer |
| trafo.*:active_power_loss | Measurement | Watt [W] | Loss of active power on this element |
| trafo.*:reactive_power_loss | Measurement | Var [Var] | Loss of reactive power on this element |
| trafo.*:current_hv | Measurement | Ampere [A] | The current at the high(er) voltage side of the transformer |
| trafo.*:current_lv | Measurement | Ampere [A] | The current at the low(er) voltage side of the transformer |
| trafo.*:voltage_hv | Measurement | PerUnit [pu] | The fractional voltage at the high(er) voltage side of the transformer |
| trafo.*:voltage_lv | Measurement | PerUnit [pu] | The fractional voltage at the low(er) voltage side of the transformer |
| trafo.*:voltage_angle_hv | Measurement | Degree [°] | The voltage angle at the high(er) voltage side of the transformer |
| trafo.*:voltage_angle_lv | Measurement | Degree [°] | The voltage angle at the low(er) voltage side of the transformer |
| line.*:active_power_to | Measurement | Watt [W] | Active power measurement at second side of the line |
| line.*:reactive_power_to | Measurement | Var [Var] | Reactive power measurement at second side of the line |
| line.*:current_to | Measurement | Ampere [A] | The current at the second side of the line |
| line.*:voltage_to | Measurement | PerUnit [pu] | The fractional voltage at the second side of the line |
| sgen.*:explicit_control | Set Point | – | Controls whether the element’s power consumption/infeed is explicitly controlled by the operator |
| sgen.*:connected | Set Point | – | Controls the element’s connection to the associated bus |
| sgen.*:target_active_power | Set Point | Watt [W] | Set point for active power |
| sgen.*:target_reactive_power | Set Point | Var [Var] | Set point for reactive power |
| sgen.*:is_connected | Measurement | – | Whether the element is currently connected to the bus |
| sgen.*:cos_phi | Measurement | – | The power factor (cosine phi) at this element |
| sgen.*:active_power | Measurement | Watt [W] | Active power measurement |
| sgen.*:reactive_power | Measurement | Var [Var] | Reactive power measurement |
| storage.*:explicit_control | Set Point | – | Controls whether the element’s power consumption/infeed is explicitly controlled by the operator |
| storage.*:connected | Set Point | – | Controls the element’s connection to the associated bus |
| storage.*:target_active_power | Set Point | Watt [W] | Set point for active power |
| storage.*:target_reactive_power | Set Point | Var [Var] | Set point for reactive power |
| storage.*:is_connected | Measurement | – | Whether the element is currently connected to the bus |
| storage.*:cos_phi | Measurement | – | The power factor (cosine phi) at this element |
| storage.*:active_power | Measurement | Watt [W] | Active power measurement |
| storage.*:reactive_power | Measurement | Var [Var] | Reactive power measurement |
| storage.*:state_of_charge | Measurement | Percent [%] | The percentual charge of this element |
| storage.*:current_charge | Measurement | WattHour [Wh] | The absolute charge of this element |